Breast Cancer in Indonesia: Prevalence, Risk Factors & Prevention

Breast Cancer in Indonesia: Prevalence, Risk Factors & Prevention

Breast cancer is a significant health concern in Indonesia, affecting thousands of women each year. Understanding its prevalence, risk factors, and prevention strategies is crucial for early detection and better health outcomes.

Prevalence of Breast Cancer in Indonesia

According to the Global Cancer Statistics (Globocan) 2020, Indonesia saw 68,858 new breast cancer cases out of a total of 396,914 new cancer cases. This makes breast cancer one of the most common cancers in the country, with over 22,000 deaths attributed to the disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that globally, 2.3 million women are diagnosed with breast cancer annually, resulting in 670,000 deaths.

Key Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Indonesia

While breast cancer can affect both men and women, 99% of cases occur in women. Several factors contribute to the development of breast cancer, some modifiable and some not. Here's a breakdown of the key risk factors:

Non-Modifiable Risk Factors

Age: The risk of breast cancer increases with age, with most cases diagnosed after 50. This is due to longer exposure to hormones over time.

Family History and Genes: A family history of breast cancer or carrying mutations in genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2 significantly increase the risk. Genetic testing can help determine if you have inherited these mutations.

Menstrual and Menopausal History: Early menarche (before age 12) and late menopause (after age 55) can elevate risk due to prolonged estrogen exposure.

Modifiable Risk Factors

Pregnancy History: Having a first pregnancy after 30, not breastfeeding, or never having a full-term pregnancy can increase the risk. Breastfeeding, especially for extended periods, can reduce the risk of breast cancer.

Breast Density: Women with dense breasts, which contain less fat and more tissue, are at higher risk. Breast density can be assessed through mammography.

Prior History of Breast Cancer or Non-Cancerous Diseases: Individuals who have previously had breast cancer or certain non-cancerous conditions like atypical hyperplasia have a higher risk.

Radiation Therapy: Exposure to radiation, especially to the chest or breasts before age 30, can increase the risk. It's important to discuss the risks and benefits of radiation therapy with your doctor.

Oral Contraceptive Use: While using oral contraceptives increases the risk of breast cancer, this risk generally returns to normal within 10 years of stopping use.

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): The risk of breast cancer rises with the use of HRT, particularly combined HRT compared to estrogen-only HRT. Discuss the risks and benefits of HRT with your doctor.

Overweight or Obesity: Women who are overweight after menopause have a higher risk, and men also face an elevated risk if obese. Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial for reducing breast cancer risk.

Alcohol Consumption: Drinking alcohol increases the risk of breast cancer in women, with the risk rising with the amount consumed. Limiting alcohol intake can help reduce this risk.

Smoking: Smoking also increases the risk of breast cancer, though the increase is smaller compared to non-smokers. Quitting smoking significantly improves your overall health and reduces cancer risk.

Prevention Strategies for Breast Cancer in Indonesia

While some risk factors are unmodifiable, there are steps you can take to lower your risk of developing breast cancer:

Maintain a Healthy Weight: Being overweight or obese after menopause increases the risk. Maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise is essential.

Limit Alcohol Consumption: Reducing or eliminating alcohol intake can significantly lower your risk of developing breast cancer.

Quit Smoking: Quitting smoking is beneficial for overall health and helps reduce the risk of various cancers, including breast cancer.

Breastfeeding: Breastfeeding, especially for extended periods, can reduce the risk of breast cancer.

Regular Physical Activity: Engaging in regular physical activity can help maintain a healthy weight, reduce inflammation, and lower the risk of breast cancer.

Healthy Diet: Consuming a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help maintain a healthy weight and reduce your risk.

Early Detection: Regular breast self-exams, clinical breast exams, and mammograms are crucial for early detection. Catching breast cancer in its early stages significantly increases the chances of successful treatment.

Consult Your Doctor for Personalized Advice

If you have one or more risk factors for breast cancer, it is essential to consult your doctor for personalized advice. They can help you assess your risk, discuss appropriate preventative measures, and recommend screenings based on your individual circumstances.

By being aware of the risk factors and following prevention strategies, you can play an active role in protecting your breast health and lowering your risk of breast cancer.