AFM Outbreak in US: What You Need to Know About the Paralyzing Virus

AFM Resurgence in the US: What to Know About the Paralyzing Virus

Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM), a serious condition that can cause paralysis, is making a comeback in the United States. This resurgence is linked to a rise in enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infections, a virus that typically causes mild respiratory illnesses. While AFM cases remain relatively low, the recent increase in EV-D68 activity has raised concerns among public health officials.

Understanding AFM and its Connection to EV-D68

AFM is a rare neurological condition that affects the spinal cord, leading to sudden weakness and paralysis in the limbs. While the exact cause is still being investigated, scientists have established a strong connection between AFM and EV-D68.

EV-D68, a member of the enterovirus family, is known to cause mild respiratory illnesses like colds and bronchiolitis. However, some children infected with certain strains of EV-D68 develop AFM. These strains have been observed to mutate and resemble the polio virus more closely, which is also known to cause paralysis in some cases.

Symptoms of AFM

The main symptom of AFM is sudden weakness in the limbs, particularly in one or both arms or legs. Other common symptoms include:

Facial weakness

Slurred speech

Difficulty swallowing

Pain throughout the body and back

Loss of reflexes

Difficulty moving the eyes

Drooling

Difficulty breathing

Severity of AFM

AFM can range in severity, with some cases causing temporary weakness and others resulting in permanent paralysis. In severe cases, AFM can even lead to respiratory failure, requiring the use of a ventilator.

Monitoring AFM Outbreaks

Public health officials are closely monitoring the spread of AFM through wastewater surveillance. Wastewater data has proven effective in detecting outbreaks of infectious diseases, as seen during the COVID-19 pandemic. By analyzing wastewater samples for the presence of EV-D68, experts can track the virus's presence and potential spread.

The WastewaterSCAN program has detected a significant increase in EV-D68 levels in wastewater samples across the US, suggesting a potential rise in AFM cases. Historically, EV-D68 outbreaks tend to peak during the summer and fall months.

Prevention and Treatment

Currently, there is no specific treatment for AFM. Treatment focuses on providing supportive care, managing symptoms, and preventing complications. This may include:

Physical therapy to improve muscle strength and function

Respiratory support, such as mechanical ventilation, if breathing becomes difficult

Medications to manage pain and fever

While there is no vaccine for EV-D68, practicing good hygiene can help prevent the spread of the virus. These measures include:

Frequent handwashing with soap and water

Covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue or elbow

Avoiding close contact with people who are sick

Staying up-to-date on vaccinations, particularly for polio

What to Do if You Suspect AFM

AFM is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention. If you or your child experience any symptoms of AFM, contact your doctor immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment can help improve outcomes.

Conclusion

While AFM remains uncommon, it is important to be aware of the potential risks associated with EV-D68 infection. By understanding the symptoms, causes, and prevention strategies, individuals can take steps to protect themselves and their families. Continued monitoring of EV-D68 activity in wastewater will play a crucial role in identifying outbreaks and implementing necessary public health measures.